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　　在考研英語中，現(xiàn)在分詞短語和過去分詞短語既然不能在句子中作謂語，一般充當(dāng)?shù)某煞譃槎ㄕZ和狀語。

 

　　（一）分詞短語作定語

 

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語和過去分詞短語在作定語的區(qū)別為：現(xiàn)在分詞短語與所修飾名詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而過去分詞與所修飾名詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

 

　　例2000-（75）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.

 

　　【分析】此句的主干為Additional social stresses may also occur。 because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements 為原因狀語。themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport為同位語。其中，arising from mass migration movements 現(xiàn)在分詞短語為后置定語，修飾problem。made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾themselves。

 

　　【譯文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現(xiàn)代交通工具使大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對(duì)容易)所引起的各種問題也會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成新的壓力。

 

　　（二）分詞短語作狀語

 

　　現(xiàn)在分詞短語一般在句子中作原因和結(jié)果狀語，過去分詞短語在句子中也可作原因狀語。

 

　　例2004-（64）Being interesting in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of habitual thought in a society.

 

　　【分析】Being interesting in the relationship of language and thought現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語。 that the structure of habitual thought in a society.為同位語從句。句子主干為Whorf developed the idea。

 

　　【譯文】 由于沃爾夫?qū)φZ言和思維的關(guān)系感興趣，所以他發(fā)展了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即在一個(gè)社會(huì)中語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定了慣性思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。

 

　　例2015-（46）This movement ,driven by powerful and diverse motivation,built a nation out of a wilderness.

 

　　【分析】driven by powerful and diverse motivation過去分詞短語作原因狀語。out of a wilderness為介詞短語作狀語。此句話主干為This movement built a nation。

 

　　【譯文】在各種強(qiáng)大動(dòng)機(jī)的驅(qū)使下，這場(chǎng)遷移從荒野中建立了一個(gè)國(guó)家。

 

　　以上內(nèi)容便是非謂語動(dòng)詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞如何在考研英語中考查，希望同學(xué)們注重理解，加強(qiáng)對(duì)于句子的分析。